Design and Evaluation of the Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles Under Complex Environmental Conditions
Online First: 16/10/2026
Corressponding author's email:
nguyencongtrang@tdtu.edu.vnDOI:
https://doi.org/10.54644/jte.2026.2435Keywords:
Electric vehicles, BTMS, Lithium-ion cell, FTP-75 drive cycle, PID controllerAbstract
This research develops a cooling system controller for the battery thermal management system (BTMS) of electric vehicles using the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) technique, replacing the traditional relay switching mechanism which is commonly used in existing construction. The BTMS is designed to include some main components: an electronic control circuit, a coolant re-circulation pump, temperature sensors, a coolant piping system, and coolant storage tank. Cooling liquid used is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (EG) in a 5:5 ratio. This research evaluates the efficiency of integrating a PID controller into the BTMS under three scenarios, consisting of ambient temperature 25 °C (normal), 45 °C (hot), and 10 °C (cold), respectively. The response capability of the system is tested with initial battery temperatures of 30 °C, 45 °C and 55 °C, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that the system satisfies the reliability by maintaining the set temperature in every scenario, while the energy consumption is different. The research is also compared with recent published studies, thereby enhancing its scientific competitiveness. These findings highlight the essential role of the designed controller, which is flexible and sustainable, confirming the effective thermal management and maintaining optimal battery efficiency under all real-world driving conditions.
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